СОСТОЯНИЕ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ИНЖЕНЕРНОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИИ
В.Ф. Рубахин
V.F. Rubakhin STATE AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY
DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2021_20_3_010
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Аннотация: Данная статья В.Ф. Рубахина посвящена теоретико-методологическим принципам и направлениям исследований в области инженерной психологии, сложившимся в советской науке к середине 1970-х гг. В связи с научно-техническим прогрессом, усложнением технических средств и автоматизацией различных сфер промышленности повышается роль человеческого фактора в системах «человек-машина». Важным представляется информационное взаимодействие человека и технических устройств, функционирование процессов приема, переработки и хранения информации человеком, осуществление механизмов принятия решения. Актуальным является разработка теоретико-методологических основ инженерной психологии и определение взаимосвязей инженерной психологии с другими отраслями психологической науки, а также биологическими, математическими и техническими науками. Ключевыми для инженерной психологии обозначаются принципы системного подхода (признание процессов в системах «человек-машина» многомерными и многоуровневыми) и принцип комплексности исследований (развитие междисциплинарных связей и взаимодействия с другими науками о человеке и технике). Выделяются основные направления инженерной психологии: психофизиологическое, системотехническое, «эксплуатационное», психолого-педагогическое. Для решения теоретических и прикладных задач инженерной психологии необходимо применение специального математического аппарата, развитие процедур проектирования и моделирования, разработка «языковых» систем взаимодействия человека с техникой. Обосновывается эффективность применения инженерно-психологических знаний при решении задач оптимизации операторской деятельности, регуляции психического состояния оператора, снижения утомляемости, повышения производительности труда, психологического отбора и др. Предлагается создание общегосударственной инженерно-психологической службы, включающей в себя службу инженерно-психологического проектирования систем «человек-машина», службу инженерно-психологической и эргономической экспертизы и контроля качества технических средств и промышленных изделий, службу психологического обеспечения подбора и подготовки кадров технических специалистов. В конце статьи приводится список литературы из исходного источника.
Abstract: This V.F. Rubakhin’s article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological principles and areas of research in the field of engineering psychology that developed in Soviet science by the middle of the 1970s. In connection with scientific and technological progress, the complication of technical means and the automation of various industries, the role of the human factor in the “man-machine” systems is increasing. The informational interaction of a person and technical devices, the functioning of the processes of receiving, processing and storing information by a person, the implementation of decision-making mechanisms seem to be important. The development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of engineering psychology and the determination of the relationship between engineering psychology and other branches of psychological science, as well as biological, mathematical and technical sciences, is relevant. Key to engineering psychology are the principle of a systemic approach (recognition of processes in human-machine systems as multidimensional and multilevel) and the principle of research complexity (development of interdisciplinary connections and interaction with other sciences of man and technology). The main directions of engineering psychology are highlighted: psychophysiological, systemic, “operational”, psychological-pedagogical. To solve theoretical and applied problems of engineering psychology, it is necessary to use a special mathematical apparatus, the development of design and modeling procedures, the development of “language” systems of human interaction with technology. The effectiveness of the application of engineering-psychological knowledge is substantiated in solving the problems of optimizing operator activity, regulating the mental state of the operator, reducing fatigue, increasing labor productivity, psychological selection, etc. It is proposed to create a nationwide engineering-psychological service, which includes a service for engineering-psychological design of man-machine systems, a service for engineering-psychological and ergonomic expertise and quality control of technical equipment and industrial products, a service for psychological support for the selection and training of technical specialists. In the end of the article there is a list of references from the original source.
Rubakhin, V.F. (2021). Sostojanie i tendencii razvitija inzhenernoj psihologii [State and trends of development of engineering psychology]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya Truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor], 6 (3), 203 246. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2021_20_3_010
Ключевые слова: инженерная психология, психология труда, системный подход, комплексность, система «человек-машина», взаимодействие человека с техникой.
Abstract: This V.F. Rubakhin’s article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological principles and areas of research in the field of engineering psychology that developed in Soviet science by the middle of the 1970s. In connection with scientific and technological progress, the complication of technical means and the automation of various industries, the role of the human factor in the “man-machine” systems is increasing. The informational interaction of a person and technical devices, the functioning of the processes of receiving, processing and storing information by a person, the implementation of decision-making mechanisms seem to be important. The development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of engineering psychology and the determination of the relationship between engineering psychology and other branches of psychological science, as well as biological, mathematical and technical sciences, is relevant. Key to engineering psychology are the principle of a systemic approach (recognition of processes in human-machine systems as multidimensional and multilevel) and the principle of research complexity (development of interdisciplinary connections and interaction with other sciences of man and technology). The main directions of engineering psychology are highlighted: psychophysiological, systemic, “operational”, psychological-pedagogical. To solve theoretical and applied problems of engineering psychology, it is necessary to use a special mathematical apparatus, the development of design and modeling procedures, the development of “language” systems of human interaction with technology. The effectiveness of the application of engineering-psychological knowledge is substantiated in solving the problems of optimizing operator activity, regulating the mental state of the operator, reducing fatigue, increasing labor productivity, psychological selection, etc. It is proposed to create a nationwide engineering-psychological service, which includes a service for engineering-psychological design of man-machine systems, a service for engineering-psychological and ergonomic expertise and quality control of technical equipment and industrial products, a service for psychological support for the selection and training of technical specialists. In the end of the article there is a list of references from the original source.
Keywords: engineering psychology, labor psychology, systemic approach, complexity, “man-machine” system, human interaction with technology.
Библиографическая ссылка на статью:
Рубахин В.Ф. Состояние и тенденции развития инженерной психологии // Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Организационная психология и психология труда. 2021. Т. 6. №3. С. 203 246. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2021_20_3_010
Rubakhin, V.F. (2021). Sostojanie i tendencii razvitija inzhenernoj psihologii [State and trends of development of engineering psychology]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya Truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor], 6 (3), 203 246. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2021_20_3_010