ТРУДНОСТИ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ АДАПТАЦИИ ЛИЧНОСТИ В ОСОБЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
С.В. Забегалина
Svetlana V. Zabegalina DIFFICULTIES IN PREDICTING THE ADAPTATION OF PERSONALITY IN SPECIAL CONDITIONS
DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2021_20_3_004
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Аннотация: Прогнозирование в психологии является относительно новым направлением для исследований, вызывающим сложности в силу большого числа трактовок сути прогнозирования, и задействованных при этом процессов. В данной статье рассматриваются специфические для прогнозирования адаптации личности в особых условиях трудности прогнозирования. Они обусловлены рядом факторов и условий адаптации как психологического феномена, а также характером взаимосвязей с другими понятиями и явлениями, в том числе не психологическими. Факторы и условия адаптации личности в особых условиях имеют несколько классификаций, однако наиболее удобной для анализа обозначенной проблемы является деление на объективные, субъективные и субъективно-объективные. Также нужно отметить возможные формы адаптации – внешнюю, внутреннюю и смешанную. Прогнозирование адаптации затруднено с силу наличия большого числа взаимосвязей между отдельными функциональными системами, процессами; «совмещения» при адаптации психологических характеристик и воздействующих факторов среды; давления ситуации и различного рода факторов, которое обусловлено высокой значимостью последствия прогнозных ошибок и неверных решений в особых условиях. Много трудностей связано самой личностью и ее окружением - нужно учитывать, как именно каждая конкретная личность в экстремальной ситуации определенного типа будет ощущать себя и тем более насколько будет адаптивной себя чувствовать и показывать эффективность деятельности. При этом сама личность, осуществляющая деятельность в особых условиях имеет два ориентира оценки - оценка себя самим или оценка окружающими, влияет на человека и его поведение. Практические трудности исследований личности в особых условиях вызывает запрет на фиксацию какой-либо информации по инструкции, либо запись затруднена в силу специфики деятельности, секретными являются и многие данные по длительности и количеству сложных командировок, характеру и содержанию деятельности и т.д. И даже если диагностика, оценка состояний, личности и деятельности проводится, то результаты изучения закрыты для «внешнего мира».
Abstract: Forecasting in psychology is a relatively new direction for research, causing difficulties due to the large number of interpretations of the essence of forecasting, and the processes involved in this. This article discusses the difficulties of forecasting specific for predicting the adaptation of a person in special conditions. They are caused by a number of factors and conditions of adaptation as a psychological phenomenon, as well as the nature of relationships with other concepts and phenomena, including non-psychological ones. Factors and conditions of personal adaptation in special conditions have several classifications, but the most convenient for the analysis of the designated problem is the division into objective, subjective and subjective-objective. It is also necessary to note the possible forms of adaptation – external, internal and mixed. Predicting adaptation is difficult due to the presence of a large number of relationships between individual functional systems, processes; "combining" psychological characteristics and environmental factors during adaptation; the pressure of the situation and various factors, which is due to the high significance of the consequences of predictive errors and incorrect decisions in special conditions. A lot of difficulties are connected with the personality itself and its environment - it is necessary to take into account exactly how each particular person will feel in an extreme situation of a certain type, and even more so how adaptive he will feel and show the effectiveness of his activities. At the same time, the personality itself, which carries out activities in special conditions, has two benchmarks of assessment - self-assessment or assessment by others, affects a person and his behavior. Practical difficulties of personality research in special conditions are caused by a ban on recording any information according to the instructions, or recording is difficult due to the specifics of the activity, many data on the duration and number of complex business trips, the nature and content of the activity, etc. are also secret. And even if the diagnosis, assessment of states, personality and activity is carried out, the results of the study are closed to the "outside world".
Ключевые слова: личность, адаптация, прогнозирование, жизнеспособность, личность в особых условиях, объективные, субъективные и объективно-субъективные трудности, субъект деятельности.
Abstract: Forecasting in psychology is a relatively new direction for research, causing difficulties due to the large number of interpretations of the essence of forecasting, and the processes involved in this. This article discusses the difficulties of forecasting specific for predicting the adaptation of a person in special conditions. They are caused by a number of factors and conditions of adaptation as a psychological phenomenon, as well as the nature of relationships with other concepts and phenomena, including non-psychological ones. Factors and conditions of personal adaptation in special conditions have several classifications, but the most convenient for the analysis of the designated problem is the division into objective, subjective and subjective-objective. It is also necessary to note the possible forms of adaptation – external, internal and mixed. Predicting adaptation is difficult due to the presence of a large number of relationships between individual functional systems, processes; "combining" psychological characteristics and environmental factors during adaptation; the pressure of the situation and various factors, which is due to the high significance of the consequences of predictive errors and incorrect decisions in special conditions. A lot of difficulties are connected with the personality itself and its environment - it is necessary to take into account exactly how each particular person will feel in an extreme situation of a certain type, and even more so how adaptive he will feel and show the effectiveness of his activities. At the same time, the personality itself, which carries out activities in special conditions, has two benchmarks of assessment - self-assessment or assessment by others, affects a person and his behavior. Practical difficulties of personality research in special conditions are caused by a ban on recording any information according to the instructions, or recording is difficult due to the specifics of the activity, many data on the duration and number of complex business trips, the nature and content of the activity, etc. are also secret. And even if the diagnosis, assessment of states, personality and activity is carried out, the results of the study are closed to the "outside world".
Keywords: personality, adaptation, forecasting, viability, personality in special conditions, objective, subjective and objective-subjective difficulties, subject of activity.
Библиографическая ссылка на статью:
Забегалина С.В. Трудности прогнозирования адаптации личности в особых условиях // Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Организационная психология и психология труда. 2021. Т. 6. № 3. C. 78 99. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2021_20_3_004
Zabegalina, S.V. (2021). Trudnosti prognozirovanija adaptacii lichnosti v osobyh uslovijah [Difficulties in predicting the adaptation of personality in special conditions]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya Truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor], 6 (3), 78 99. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2021_20_3_004