ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИНЖЕНЕРНОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИИ В ТРУДАХ Б.Ф. ЛОМОВА
А.Л. Журавлев, А.А. Костригин
Anatoly L. Zhuravlev, Artem A. Kostrigin THEORETICAL PROBLEMS OF ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY IN B.F. LOMOV’S WORKS
DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2022_22_1_009
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Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются работы Б.Ф. Ломова, посвященные теоретическим вопросам инженерной психологии. Анализируются идеи Ломова относительно места инженерной психологии в системе наук о человеке, основных инженерно-психологических проблем и направлений, роли инженерной психологии в разработке теории психологической науки, наконец, разработки инженерной психологии на основе системного подхода. Ученый относил инженерную психологию к социогуманитарным наукам и отводил человеку ведущее место в системах «человек-машина». В качестве основных проблем инженерно-психологических исследований им выделялись вопросы приема и переработки информации человеком-оператором, его управляющих действий, оперативного мышления, оперативной памяти, в целом деятельности оператора и его надежности. Ломов отмечал высокое значение инженерной психологии для разработки общепсихологической теории, пересмотра результатов исследований в психологии восприятия, памяти, мышления, психических состояний, свойств и функций мозга, а также обоснования использования математического аппарата в психологии. Он показал междисциплинарные связи инженерной психологии с различными отраслями психологии и другими науками, разработал системные принципы инженерно-психологических исследований и описал системные характеристики деятельности человека-оператора. Каждый период научного творчества Ломова характеризовался глубоким интересом к инженерно-психологической проблематике и сопровождался внесением существенного вклада в разработку именно теории инженерной психологии. Благодаря научно-исследовательской и научно-организационной деятельности Ломова данная отрасль психологии проходила этапы научного и общественного признания, приобретения самостоятельного статуса среди психологических наук и институционализации на базе ЛГУ и Института психологии АН СССР.
Ключевые слова: история психологии, инженерная психология, теоретические проблемы, психологическая теория, системный подход, деятельность человека-оператора.
Abstract: The article examines the works of B.F. Lomov devoted to theoretical issues of engineering psychology. Lomov’s ideas are analyzed regarding the place of engineering psychology in the system of human sciences, the main engineering-psychological problems and directions, the role of engineering psychology in the development of the theory of psychological science, and finally, the development of engineering psychology based on a systemic approach. The scientist attributed engineering psychology to the socio-humanitarian sciences and assigned a leading place to man in the “man-machine” systems. As the main problems of engineering-psychological research, he singled out the issues of receiving and processing information by a human operator, his control actions, operational thinking, operative memory, the operator's activity and his reliability. Lomov noted the high importance of engineering psychology for developing a general psychological theory, revising the results of research in the psychology of perception, memory, thinking, mental states, properties and functions of the brain, as well as substantiating the use of the mathematical apparatus in psychology. The Soviet psychologist showed the interdisciplinary connections of engineering psychology with the branches of psychology and other sciences, developed the systemic principles of engineering-psychological research and described the system characteristics of the human operator’s activity. Each period of Lomov’s scientific work was characterized by a deep interest in engineering-psychological problems and was accompanied by a significant contribution to the development of the theory of engineering psychology. In consequence of the research and scientific-organizational activities of Lomov, this branch of psychology went through the stages of scientific and public recognition, acquiring an independent status among the psychological sciences and institutionalization on the basis of Leningrad State University and the Institute of Psychology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Keywords: history of psychology, engineering psychology, theoretical problems, psychological theory, systemic approach, human operator activity.
Zhuravlev, A.L., Kostrigin, A.A. (2022). Teoreticheskie problemy inzhenernoj psihologii v trudah B.F. Lomova. [Theoretical problems of engineering psychology in B.F. Lomov’s works]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor], 7 (1), 180-216. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2022_22_1_009
Ключевые слова: история психологии, инженерная психология, теоретические проблемы, психологическая теория, системный подход, деятельность человека-оператора.
Abstract: The article examines the works of B.F. Lomov devoted to theoretical issues of engineering psychology. Lomov’s ideas are analyzed regarding the place of engineering psychology in the system of human sciences, the main engineering-psychological problems and directions, the role of engineering psychology in the development of the theory of psychological science, and finally, the development of engineering psychology based on a systemic approach. The scientist attributed engineering psychology to the socio-humanitarian sciences and assigned a leading place to man in the “man-machine” systems. As the main problems of engineering-psychological research, he singled out the issues of receiving and processing information by a human operator, his control actions, operational thinking, operative memory, the operator's activity and his reliability. Lomov noted the high importance of engineering psychology for developing a general psychological theory, revising the results of research in the psychology of perception, memory, thinking, mental states, properties and functions of the brain, as well as substantiating the use of the mathematical apparatus in psychology. The Soviet psychologist showed the interdisciplinary connections of engineering psychology with the branches of psychology and other sciences, developed the systemic principles of engineering-psychological research and described the system characteristics of the human operator’s activity. Each period of Lomov’s scientific work was characterized by a deep interest in engineering-psychological problems and was accompanied by a significant contribution to the development of the theory of engineering psychology. In consequence of the research and scientific-organizational activities of Lomov, this branch of psychology went through the stages of scientific and public recognition, acquiring an independent status among the psychological sciences and institutionalization on the basis of Leningrad State University and the Institute of Psychology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Keywords: history of psychology, engineering psychology, theoretical problems, psychological theory, systemic approach, human operator activity.
Библиографическая ссылка на статью:
Журавлев А.Л., Костригин А.А. Теоретические проблемы инженерной психологии в трудах Б.Ф. Ломова. // Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Организационная психология и психология труда. 2022. Т. 7. № 1. С. 180-216. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2022_22_1_009
Zhuravlev, A.L., Kostrigin, A.A. (2022). Teoreticheskie problemy inzhenernoj psihologii v trudah B.F. Lomova. [Theoretical problems of engineering psychology in B.F. Lomov’s works]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor], 7 (1), 180-216. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2022_22_1_009