«ТИПИЧНЫЙ РУССКИЙ ИНТЕЛЛИГЕНТ» И ПСИХОТЕХНИК С.М. ВАСИЛЕЙСКИЙ (К 135-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ)
Н.Ю. Стоюхина
Natalya Yu. Stoyukhina A "TYPICAL RUSSIAN INTELLECTUAL" AND PSYCHOTECHNICIAN
S.M. VASILEISKY (ON THE 135TH ANNIVERSARY)
DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2023_26_1_009
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Аннотация. Данная статья посвящена психотехнической деятельности советского психолога Серафима Михайловича Василейского, 135-летие со дня рождения которого отмечается в этом году. Родом из семьи сельского священника, он мог бы выбрать традиционный путь священнослужителя, но после окончания семинарии он поступил в Санкт-Петербургский университет и Психоневрологический институт, завершив обучение с отличием и успев пройти стажировку в Лейпцигском университете. Осенью 1917 г. был вынужден вернуться на родину в Самару, где стал преподавать педагогику и психологию в педагогическом институте. Здесь же он впервые применил знания по экспериментальной психологии и физике, сконструировав недостающие лабораторные приборы. С 1923 г. Василейский работает в Белоруссии, сначала в Витебске, затем – в Минске, буквально оказавшись у истоков практической психологии в Беларуси. Именно здесь проявился его талант как ученого-методолога и теоретика, практика и изобретателя – все это было ярко выражено в его психотехнической деятельности. Написанные работы по методологии психотехники, методические разработки по анализу полученных результатов психотехнических испытаний, создание тестов и прибора для исследования кандидатов на работу в лаборатории – все это создало Василейскому репутацию одного из ведущих психотехников страны. После выхода Постановления ЦК ВКП(б) «О педологических извращениях в системе наркомпросов» (1936 г.) и последовавшей ликвидации педологии С.М. Василейскому пришлось переехать в Киров, где он работал в Кировском педагогическом институте до 1944 г. Все это время он пытался выйти на защиту своей докторской диссертации «Психология технического изобретательства», материалы к которой начал собирать с начала 1930-х гг., но это получилось только в 1952 г. Пройдя процедуру защиты, но не получив искомой степени, Серафим Михайлович опубликовал отдельные фрагменты своей работы, из которых представляет особый интерес «Ошибки изобретательской мысли».
Abstract. This article is devoted to the psychotechnical activities of the Soviet psychologist Serafim Mikhailovich Vasileisky, the 135th anniversary of his birth is celebrated this year. Coming from a family of a rural priest, he could have chosen the traditional path of a clergyman, but after graduating from the seminary he entered St. Petersburg University and the Psychoneurological Institute, graduating with honors and completing an internship at the University of Leipzig. In the autumn of 1917 he was forced to return to his homeland in Samara, where he began to teach pedagogics and psychology at the Pedagogical Institute. Here, for the first time, he applied his knowledge of experimental psychology and physics by constructing the missing laboratory instruments. Since 1923, Vasileisky has been working in Belarus, first in Vitebsk, then in Minsk, literally being at the origins of practical psychology in Belarus. It was here that his talent as a methodologist and theorist, practitioner, inventor manifested itself, and all this was greatly expressed in his psychotechnical activity. Written works on the methodology of psychotechnics, methodological developments for processing the received psychotechnical tests, the creation of tests and devices for examining candidates for work in the laboratory – all this created Vasileisky's reputation as one of the leading psychotechnicians in the country. After the release of the Decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On pedological perversions in the system of People's Commissariat of Education” (1936) and the subsequent liquidation of pedology S.M. Vasileisky had to move to Kirov, where he worked at the Kirov Pedagogical Institute until 1944. All this time, he tried to defend his doctoral dissertation "Psychology of Technical Invention", materials for which he began to collect from the beginning of the 1930s, but it turned out only in 1952. Having passed the defense procedure, but not having received the required degree, Serafim Mikhailovich published separate fragments of his work, of which “Mistakes of invention” is of particular interest.
Stoyukhina, N.Yu. (2023). Tipichnyj russkij intelligent» i psihotehnik S.M. Vasilejskij (k 135-letiju so dnja rozhdenija) [A "typical russian intellectual" and psychotechnician S.M. Vasileisky (on the 135th anniversary)]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor]. 8(1). 196-219. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2023_26_1_009
Ключевые слова: история психологии, С.М. Василейский, психотехника, психология труда, техническое изобретательство.
Abstract. This article is devoted to the psychotechnical activities of the Soviet psychologist Serafim Mikhailovich Vasileisky, the 135th anniversary of his birth is celebrated this year. Coming from a family of a rural priest, he could have chosen the traditional path of a clergyman, but after graduating from the seminary he entered St. Petersburg University and the Psychoneurological Institute, graduating with honors and completing an internship at the University of Leipzig. In the autumn of 1917 he was forced to return to his homeland in Samara, where he began to teach pedagogics and psychology at the Pedagogical Institute. Here, for the first time, he applied his knowledge of experimental psychology and physics by constructing the missing laboratory instruments. Since 1923, Vasileisky has been working in Belarus, first in Vitebsk, then in Minsk, literally being at the origins of practical psychology in Belarus. It was here that his talent as a methodologist and theorist, practitioner, inventor manifested itself, and all this was greatly expressed in his psychotechnical activity. Written works on the methodology of psychotechnics, methodological developments for processing the received psychotechnical tests, the creation of tests and devices for examining candidates for work in the laboratory – all this created Vasileisky's reputation as one of the leading psychotechnicians in the country. After the release of the Decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On pedological perversions in the system of People's Commissariat of Education” (1936) and the subsequent liquidation of pedology S.M. Vasileisky had to move to Kirov, where he worked at the Kirov Pedagogical Institute until 1944. All this time, he tried to defend his doctoral dissertation "Psychology of Technical Invention", materials for which he began to collect from the beginning of the 1930s, but it turned out only in 1952. Having passed the defense procedure, but not having received the required degree, Serafim Mikhailovich published separate fragments of his work, of which “Mistakes of invention” is of particular interest.
Keywords: history of psychology, S.M. Vasileisky, psychotechnics, labor psychology, technical invention.
Библиографическая ссылка на статью:
Стоюхина Н.Ю. Типичный русский интеллигент» и психотехник С.М. Василейский (к 135-летию со дня рождения) // Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Организационная психология и психология труда. 2023. Т. 8. № 1. С. 196-219. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2023_26_1_009
Stoyukhina, N.Yu. (2023). Tipichnyj russkij intelligent» i psihotehnik S.M. Vasilejskij (k 135-letiju so dnja rozhdenija) [A "typical russian intellectual" and psychotechnician S.M. Vasileisky (on the 135th anniversary)]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor]. 8(1). 196-219. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2023_26_1_009