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N.D. Levitov PSYCHOTECHNICAL STUDY OF POWER STATION STOKERS

DOI:10.38098/ipran.opwp_2025_36_3_010

殃圜囹� 镱腠 蝈犟� 耱囹 (.pdf)

理眍蜞鲨�. 袜耱��� 耱囹  �.�. 隋忤蝾� 镱疋�蜩� 爨耨钼铋 镳铘羼耔�, 眍 漕 蝈� 镱� 礤 桤篦屙眍�, � 觐麇汔疣 � 痤怡桕� (麇腩忮� � 觐蝈朦眍�, 怵篦眢� 筢桊噔� 珙塍 � 嚓 桤 蝾镪� 觐螂�). 蒡� 赈嚯梏桷桊钼囗睇� 疣犷麒�, 镳铊玮钿栩咫铖螯 蝠箐� 觐蝾痤泐 玎忤皴豚 铗 邈� 珥囗栝 � 耧铖钺眍耱彘. 暑麇汔�, 疣犷蜞栝 � 耦铗忮蝰蜮梃 耦 疋铊� 恹犷痤� 镳铘羼耔�, 祛� 铐铎栩� 蝾镫桠�, 礤 漕矬耜囹� 噔囵栝, 疣鲨铐嚯� 恹镱腠�螯 怦� 蝠箐钼 铒屦圉梃 � 觐蝈朦睇�. 篷腓 觐麇汔� 铕桢眚桊钼囗 � 镳铞羼皴 胥铕囗�� 蝾镫桠�, 珥嚯 耱痤屙桢 � 趔黻鲨铐桊钼囗桢 耦铗忮蝰蜮簋� 戾踵龛珈钼, 蝾黜� 翳犟桊钼嚯 镱赅玎蝈腓 疱汨耱痂痼桴 镳栳铕钼, 猁耱痤 疱嚆桊钼嚯 镳� 噔囵梃, 蝾 铐 腓赈桎桊钼嚯 镱瘅� 蝈蹴梓羼觐泐 耥囵�驽龛�, 噔囵栝眍耱�, 镥疱疣聃钿 蝾镫桠�. � 蝠箐眍耱�� 桉耠邃钼囗�� 耠邃钼嚯� 铗礤耱�: 忸琊囫蝽簋 � 镳铊玮钿耱忮眄簋 疣珥铕钿眍耱� 耦耱噔� 疣犷麒�, 礤忸珈铈眍耱� 镳桁屙栩� 耠铈眢� 囡镟疣蝮痼 � 狃囹� 潆� 耧屦桁屙蜞 怦艴 疣犷蝽桕钼 镱耠� 漤邂眍� 耢屙�. 像桴铗艴龛觇 钺疣蜩腓顸 � 犷脲� 赈嚯梏桷桊钼囗睇� 觐麇汔疣� 耱囗鲨� 剜蝮瘃觐� � 桁屙� 孰囫耦磬 (睇礤 � � 皖汨眈赍), �, 黩钺� 溧螯 锺桴铍钽梓羼牦� 踵疣牝屦桉蜩牦 耦耱噔� 疣犷蝽桕钼 觐蝈朦眍�, 镳钼咫� 桉耠邃钼囗桢, 怅膻鬣邋: 锺桴铍钽梓羼觇� 囗嚯桤 镳铘羼耔� 觐麇汔疣; 铞屙觇 桧滂忤潴嚯铋 篑镥铖蜩 觐麇汔疣 磬 疣犷蝈; 锺桴铗艴龛麇耜铄 桉稃蜞龛� 镳铘羼耔铐嚯铋 镳桡钿眍耱� 觐麇汔疣. � 疱珞朦蜞蝈 桉耠邃钼囗�� 耦蝠箐龛觇 软耱栩篁� 镳桫腓 � 恹忸潴, 黩� 躅痤� 疣犷蝽桕 觐蝈朦眍� � 磬犭囹咫, 礤蝾痤镫桠 � 镱怦邃礤忭铋 疣犷蝈, 镳� 铎 猁耱痤 � 蝾黜� 疱嚆桊簋� 镳� 噔囵栝睇� 耔蝮圉���, 桁妣� 漕耱囹铟眍� 钺� � 蝈蹴梓羼觐� 疣玮栩桢 潆� 镱龛爨龛� 镳铞羼襦 泐疱龛� � 篑蝠铋耱忄 嚆疱汔蝾� 觐蝈朦眍�, � 恹耦觇� 黧怦蜮铎 铗忮蝰蜮屙眍耱�, 镱狍驿帼� 犷痤螯�� 玎 腓赈桎圉棹 噔囵栝眍耱� � 铐铎梃 蝾镫桠�. 

孰邂 耠钼�: 桉蝾痂� 锺桴铍钽梃, 锺桴铗艴龛赅, 镳铘羼耔� 觐麇汔疣 尻蝠铖蜞眦梃, 镳铘羼耔铐嚯�� 镳桡钿眍耱�.

Abstract. N.D. Levitov devoted this article to a popular profession, but not been studied before � a stoker and a shoveler (a person in a boiler room who manually removed ash and slag from the boiler firebox). This is a qualified worker whose productivity depended on his knowledge and abilities. A stoker working in accordance with his choice of profession could save fuel, prevent accidents, and rationally perform all work operations in boiler rooms. If a stoker is oriented in the process of fuel combustion, knows the structure and functioning of the corresponding mechanisms, accurately records the readings of recording devices, and quickly responds to an accident, then he eliminates damage to technical equipment, accidents, and excess fuel consumption. The difficulties of the study included: age and production heterogeneity of the workers, the impossibility of using complex equipment and taking all workers after the day shift for the experiment. Psychotechnicians turned to more qualified stokers of the Shaturskaya and Klasson stations (now in Noginsk), and, in order to give a psychological characteristic of the composition of the boiler house workers, conducted a study that included: a psychological analysis of the stoker's profession; assessments of the individual success of the stoker at work; psychotechnical testing of the professional suitability of the stoker. As a result of the study, the Institute's employees came to the conclusion that a good boiler house worker is observant, unhurried in everyday work, while quickly and accurately reacting in emergency situations, having sufficient general and technical development to understand the combustion process and the design of boiler units, with a high sense of responsibility, encouraging the fight to eliminate accidents and save fuel.

Key words: history of psychology, psychotechnics, the profession of a power station stoker, professional suitability.

凌犭桀沭圄梓羼赅� 耨赅 磬 耱囹:

隋忤蝾� �.�. 像桴铗艴龛麇耜铄 桉耠邃钼囗桢 觐麇汔痤� 尻蝠铖蜞眦梃 // 软耱栩篁 锺桴铍钽梃 蓄耨栝耜铋 嚓噤屐梃 磬箨. 勿汔龛玎鲨铐磬� 锺桴铍钽�� � 锺桴铍钽�� 蝠箐�. 2025. �. 10. � 3. �. 245-266. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2025_36_3_010

Levitov, N.D. (2025). Psihotehnicheskoe issledovanie kochegarov jelektrostancii [Psychotechnical study of power station stokers]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya Truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor]. 10(3). 245-266. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2025_36_3_010