К ВОПРОСУ О ВНУТРЕННЕЙ (ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ) СТРУКТУРЕ ТЕСТОВ

Ключевые слова. история психологии, психотехника, тесты интеллекта, испытуемый, структура теста.

Abstract. This article by N.D. Levitov is a testological work devoted to the construction of a test as a diagnostic tool for the development of intelligence. Indicators of intelligence tests are among the most important in determining the ability to learn, therefore, in any professional consultation conclusions about the suitability of an adolescent for a profession are based on intelligence tests that have great practical effectiveness, especially in the selection of the mentally deficient; they are relatively simple to conduct and primarily processed. However, the same tests have disadvantages: relatively weak theoretical justification for the construction of intelligence tests; its isolation from other methods of psychological research; lack of generally accepted terminology. Levitov covered some issues of the psychological nature of tests: the attitude of the subject; activated mental functions; material content of tests. The principles of holistic dynamic and impactful study of personality were applied to the analysis of the internal structure of psychotechnical tests, and the methods for this analysis were: observation of subjects during the experiment; questioning of subjects after the experiment according to a special scheme; analysis of problem solving; experiment with the same test, but with variation of some condition; calculation of intercorrelations between tests; correlations with criteria: psychological assessments, academic performance in individual subjects, protocols and observations; experiment on subjects with an obvious defect in this area; comparison of tests with products of children's creativity. A holistic study assumes the availability of the necessary certificates about the subjects from teachers and doctors. Dynamic study of intelligence tests should represent the content of another work, since it is associated with the analysis of the variability of test indicators in the same subject. The principle of the impact study of personality requires that the type of intelligence be a means not only of adaptation to the environment, but also of reorganization of the environment in order to create its best forms for workers.

Key words: history of psychology, psychotechnics, intelligence tests, subject, test structure.