К 125-ЛЕТИЮ ОСНОВАТЕЛЯ СОВЕТСКОЙ ПСИХОТЕХНИКИ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ДАВИДА РЕЙТЫНБАРГА

Ключевые слова: история психологии, история психотехники, психотехника воздействия, рекламные плакаты, плакаты по технике безопасности, «язык красноармейца», И.Н. Шпильрейн.

Abstract. This article is devoted to the psychotechnical activities of the Soviet psychotechnician David Isaakovich Reitynbarg, whose 125th birthday anniversary is celebrated in 2024. Born in Rivne, after receiving his education in Yekaterinoslav, he ended up in Moscow and from the early 1920s began working in the psychotechnical laboratory of the Institute of Labor Safety under the leadership of I.N. Spielrein. All the leading psychotechnicians were his friends, colleagues, and like-minded people. Reitynbarg was engaged in professional studies, researched the work of firefighters using the labor method, wrote the popular book “Polundra” about their hard work, but his main interest was the psychotechnics of influence, the rationale for which was proposed by G. Münsterberg and transferred with changes to Soviet psychotechnical practice. He began to study safety posters, read all possible foreign literature, translated, made reviews, studied their impact on the perception of spectators-workers, and substantiated the typological properties. Among the impressive number of works on posters, his fundamental study “Poster on Labor Safety in the USSR and Abroad” stands out, where Reitynbarg acted as a methodologist of psychotechnics of influence. Together with colleagues I.N. Spielrein and G.O. Netsky, he was the author of the book “The Language of the Red Army Soldier,” which is currently regarded as an important sociopsycholinguistic study. The fate of the book is dramatic. In 1935, it became the reason for the arrest of all three authors, who received various sentences in forced labor camps. After three years in the camps, Reitynbarg continued to work in construction and production, but during the war S.G. Gellerstein summoned him to the Kisegach sanatorium to work with the seriously wounded to return them to work functions. After the war, Reitynbarg continued to work on issues of children’s road safety, publishing articles and books, but he did not have the enthusiasm and ardor that are visible even in his works of the 1920-30s.

Keywords: history of psychotechnics, psychotechnics of influence, advertising posters, safety posters, “The language of the Red Army man”, I.N. Shpilrein.