ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÐÎÑÒ ÏÎÄÐÎÑÒÊÀ  ØÊÎËÀÕ ÔÇÓ ÌÅÒÀËËÎÎÁÐÀÁÀÒÛÂÀÞÙÅÉ ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ (ÏÅÄÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÀÍÀËÈÇ)
Ï.Ï. Áëîíñêèé, Ñ.Ã. Ðîçåíáåðã, È.Ô. Áóëàíîâ
P.P. Blonsky, S.G. Rosenberg, I.F. Bulanov INDUSTRIAL GROWTH OF AN ADOLESCENT
IN SCHOOLS OF THE METALWORKING INDUSTRY (PEDOLOGICAL ANALYSIS)
DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2024_31_2_011
Ñêà÷àòü ïîëíûé òåêñò ñòàòüè (.pdf)
Àííîòàöèÿ. Äàííîé ðàáîòîé Ï.Ï. Áëîíñêèé ñ êîëëåãàìè-ïåäîëîãàìè îòâåòèëè íà òðåáîâàíèå ÖÈÊ è Ñîâíàðêîìà ðàöèîíàëèçèðîâàòü ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîå îáó÷åíèå ïîäðîñòêîâ è þíîøåé, íà êîòîðîå îòâîäèëîñü 80% ó÷åáíîãî âðåìåíè. Ïåäîëîãè äëÿ ñåáÿ ñôîðìóëèðîâàëè çàïðîñ òàêèì îáðàçîì: îïðåäåëèòü ñóáúåêòèâíûå è îáúåêòèâíûå óñëîâèÿ, âëèÿþùèå íà ðàçâèòèå ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîé ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ïîäðîñòêîâ â íà÷àëå èõ ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî ðîñòà. Êîíå÷íîé öåëüþ äàííîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ áûëî: äàòü øêîëå ÔÇÓ öåëûé ðÿä ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ óêàçàíèé íà îñíîâå ïîëó÷åííûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ ðàáîòû ñ öåëüþ ïîâûøåíèÿ êà÷åñòâà ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ. Îñíîâíûì ìåòîäè÷åñêèì ïðèåìîì â èññëåäîâàíèè ñóáúåêòèâíûõ óñëîâèé, âëèÿþùèõ íà ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûé ðîñò ïîäðîñòêîâ, ïîñëóæèëî ñðàâíåíèå êà÷åñòâåííî êîíòðàñòèðóþùèõ â ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîì îòíîøåíèè ãðóïï ïîäðîñòêîâ. Çàÿâëåííûé Ï.Ï. Áëîíñêèì ìåòîä áûë ìåòîä õàðàêòåðîëîãè÷åñêîãî àíàëèçà, èìåþùåãî öåëüþ âûÿâëåíèå îáùåãî ïñèõîôèçè÷åñêîãî ñêëàäà ýòîãî ïîäðîñòêà, ò.å., åãî àâòîð ïðîòèâîïîñòàâèë òåñòîëîãèè, êîòîðàÿ, ïî åãî ìíåíèþ, èìååò òîëüêî âòîðîñòåïåííîå çíà÷åíèå. Èçó÷åíèå õàðàêòåðà äîñòèãàëîñü ñ ïîìîùüþ ñîñòàâëåíèÿ ïåäîëîãè÷åñêîé õàðàêòåðèñòèêè, õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ìàíåðû ðàáîòàòü ïîäðîñòêà, àâòîáèîãðàôè÷åñêèõ ñî÷èíåíèé ïîäðîñòêà, ôîòîãðàôèðîâàíèÿ ðàáîòû ïîäðîñòêà íà ïðîèçâîäñòâå (íàáëþäåíèå è õðîíîìåòðàæ).  ðåçóëüòàòå îáñëåäîâàíèÿ 250 ïîäðîñòêîâ øêîëû ÔÇÓ àâòîçàâîäà èì. Ñòàëèíà áûëè âûÿâëåíû èõ îñîáåííîñòè, âëèÿþùèå íà ïðîèçâîäñòâåííóþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü â íà÷àëå ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî ðîñòà â óñëîâèÿõ ÔÇÓ: èíòåðåñ ê ïðîèçâîäñòâó, ñâîåé ñïåöèàëüíîñòè, ê ðàáîòå â ìàñòåðñêîé; îðãàíèçîâàííîñòü, äèñöèïëèíèðîâàííîñòü, òðóäîâàÿ âîñïèòàííîñòü, òðóäîâûå óñòàíîâêè, ïðèâû÷êè è óìåíèÿ, ïîëó÷åííûå åùå â ïîëèòåõíè÷åñêîé øêîëå; ñïåöèôè÷åñêîå ïîâåäåíèÿ â ìàñòåðñêèõ íåïîñðåäñòâåííî â ïðîöåññå ðàáîòû (ïðîâåðêà ñòàíêà, îðãàíèçàöèÿ ñâîåãî ðàáî÷åãî ìåñòà).
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ïîäðîñòîê, ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûé ðîñò, øêîëû ÔÇÓ, ìåòàëëîáðàáàòûâàþùàÿ ïðîìûøëåííîñòü, ïåäîëîãèÿ.
Abstract. With this work P.P. Blonsky and his fellow pedologists responded to the demand of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People’s Commissars to rationalize the industrial training of adolescents and young men, to which 80% of the educational time was allocated. Pedologists formulated the request for themselves in this way: to determine the subjective and objective conditions that influence the development of the production efficiency of adolescents at the beginning of their production growth. The ultimate goal of this study was to provide the FZU school with a number of practical methodological instructions based on the obtained work results in order to improve the quality of industrial training. The main methodological technique in the study of subjective conditions affecting the production growth of adolescents was the comparison of groups of adolescents that were qualitatively contrasting in terms of production. The method declared by P.P. Blonsky was a method of characterological analysis aimed at identifying the general psychophysical constitution of an adolescent, i.e., the author contrasted this method with testology, which, in his opinion, was only of secondary importance. The study of character was achieved through the compilation of a pedological profile, a description of the adolescent’s work style, autobiographical essays of an adolescent, photographing the adolescent’s work in production (observation and timing). As a result of a survey of 250 adolescents from the school of the FZU at the Automobile Plant named after Stalin, there were identified their features that influence production efficiency at the beginning of production growth in the conditions of industrial training: interest in production, their specialty, work in the workshop; organization, discipline, work education, work attitudes, habits and skills acquired in polytechnic school; specific behavior in workshops directly during the work process (checking the machine, organizing workplace).
Key words: teenager, industrial growth, FZU school, metalworking industry, pedology.
Áèáëèîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ññûëêà íà ñòàòüþ:
Áëîíñêèé Ï.Ï., Ðîçåíáåðã Ñ.Ã., Áóëàíîâ È.Ô. Ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûé ðîñò ïîäðîñòêà â øêîëàõ ÔÇÓ ìåòàëëîîáðàáàòûâàþùåé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè (ïåäîëîãè÷åñêèé àíàëèç) // Èíñòèòóò ïñèõîëîãèè Ðîññèéñêîé àêàäåìèè íàóê. Îðãàíèçàöèîííàÿ ïñèõîëîãèÿ è ïñèõîëîãèÿ òðóäà. 2024. Ò. 9. ¹2. Ñ. 245–281. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2024_31_2_011
Blonsky, P.P., Rosenberg, S.G., Bulanov, I.F. (2024). Proizvodstvennyj rost podrostka v shkolah FZU metalloobrabatyvajushhej promyshlennosti (pedologicheskij analiz) [Industrial growth of an adolescent in schools of the metalworking industry (pedological analysis)]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya Truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor]. 9(2). 245–281. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2024_31_2_011