САМООПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ И ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЙ МЕНТАЛИТЕТ СУБЪЕКТА ТРУДА В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ И КРИЗИСА
А. А. Алдашева, А. С. Баканов, М. Е. Зеленова,
О. В. Рунец
А. А. Aldasheva, A. S. Bakanov, М. Е. Zelenova,
O.V. Runets SELF-DEFINITION AND PROFESSIONAL MENTALITY OF THE ACTOR OF LABOR UNDER CONDITIONTHE PANDEMIC AND CRISIS
https://doi.org/10.38098/ipran.opwp.2020.15.2.009
Скачать полный текст статьи (.pdf)
Аннотация: Негативные тенденции на рынке труда, детерминированные экономическим кризисом и пандемией COVID-19, привели к сокращению рабочих мест во многих отраслях экономики. В результате резко возросло число безработных, а работники многих профессиональных сфер (по данным Минтруда пострадавшими признаны 42 сферы труда), вынуждены менять место работы и профессию. Дополнительным фактором, вызывающим усиление стресса и появление страхов, является неопределенность экономической ситуации, невозможность планирования и выстраивания профессиональной перспективы. Необходимость трудоустройства, профессиональной переориентации и психологической поддержки большого числа людей, обусловило актуальность и практическую значимость научных исследований в данной области психологии труда. Целью представленной работы выступило выявление психологических детерминант, способствующих успешности профессионального самоопределения и переориентаций в условиях экономической неопределенности и пандемии. Была разработана специальная анкета, направленная на выявление особенностей профессионального и личностного самоопределения в ситуации кризиса, связанного с пандемией. Исследование проводилось в онлайн-режиме; всего обследовано 250 человек. Вся выборка респондентов была разделена на 3 группы: «самозанятые», «безработные», «работающие по найму». Статистическая обработка включала частотный анализ, методы сравнительного и корреляционного анализа. Результаты исследования показали, что «безработные» и «самозанятые» по сравнению с респондентами, «работающими по найму» в большей степени переживают состояние психологической напряженности и неудовлетворенности в связи с ограничениями, веденными из-за коронавируса. Установлена роль таких психологических характеристик как уверенность в себе (вера в свои силы, способности и успех), умение быстро оценивать и принимать решения в ситуации неопределенности, высокая самооценка квалификации и готовность действовать в сложных ситуациях как предикторов профессиональной успешности в условиях кризиса. Показана роль оптимизма, как характеристики, отражающей готовность субъекта труда активно решать проблемы, связанные с профессиональным самоопределением в трудной жизненной ситуации.
Abstract: Negative trends in the labor market, determined by the economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to job cuts in many sectors of the economy. As a result, the number of unemployed has sharply increased, and workers in many professional fields (according to the Ministry of Labor, 42 areas of work have been recognized as victims) have to change their place of work and profession. An additional factor causing increased stress and the emergence of fears is the uncertainty of the economic situation, the impossibility of planning and building a professional perspective. The need for employment, professional reorientation and psychological support for a large number of people, determined the relevance and practical importance of scientific research in this field of labor psychology. The aim of the presented work was the identification of psychological determinants that contribute to the success of professional self-determination and reorientations in the face of economic uncertainty and a pandemic. A special questionnaire was developed, aimed at identifying the characteristics of professional and personal self-determination in a crisis situation associated with a pandemic. The study was conducted online; A total of 250 people were examined. The entire sample of respondents was divided into 3 groups: “self-employed”, “unemployed”, “employed”. Statistical processing included frequency analysis, methods of comparative and correlation analysis. The results of the study showed that “unemployed” and “self-employed”, compared with respondents “employed”, are more likely to experience a state of psychological tension and dissatisfaction due to restrictions imposed by coronavirus. The role of such psychological characteristics as self-confidence (faith in one's own strength, ability and success), the ability to quickly evaluate and make decisions in situations of uncertainty, high self-esteem of qualifications and willingness to act in difficult situations as predictors of professional success in a crisis is established. The role of optimism as a characteristic reflecting the willingness of the subject of labor to actively solve problems associated with professional self-determination in a difficult life situation is shown.
Aldasheva, А.А., Bakanov, A.S., Zelenova М.Е., Runets O.V. (2020). Samoopredelenie i professional'nyj mentalitet sub#ekta truda v period pandemii i krizisa [Self-definition and professional mentality of the actor of labor under conditionthe pandemic and crisis]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya Truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor], 5 (2), 166-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38098/ipran.opwp.2020.15.2.009.
Ключевые слова: личностное и профессиональное самоопределение, менталитет, экономический кризис, безработные, самозанятые, перспектива будущего, оптимизм.
Abstract: Negative trends in the labor market, determined by the economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to job cuts in many sectors of the economy. As a result, the number of unemployed has sharply increased, and workers in many professional fields (according to the Ministry of Labor, 42 areas of work have been recognized as victims) have to change their place of work and profession. An additional factor causing increased stress and the emergence of fears is the uncertainty of the economic situation, the impossibility of planning and building a professional perspective. The need for employment, professional reorientation and psychological support for a large number of people, determined the relevance and practical importance of scientific research in this field of labor psychology. The aim of the presented work was the identification of psychological determinants that contribute to the success of professional self-determination and reorientations in the face of economic uncertainty and a pandemic. A special questionnaire was developed, aimed at identifying the characteristics of professional and personal self-determination in a crisis situation associated with a pandemic. The study was conducted online; A total of 250 people were examined. The entire sample of respondents was divided into 3 groups: “self-employed”, “unemployed”, “employed”. Statistical processing included frequency analysis, methods of comparative and correlation analysis. The results of the study showed that “unemployed” and “self-employed”, compared with respondents “employed”, are more likely to experience a state of psychological tension and dissatisfaction due to restrictions imposed by coronavirus. The role of such psychological characteristics as self-confidence (faith in one's own strength, ability and success), the ability to quickly evaluate and make decisions in situations of uncertainty, high self-esteem of qualifications and willingness to act in difficult situations as predictors of professional success in a crisis is established. The role of optimism as a characteristic reflecting the willingness of the subject of labor to actively solve problems associated with professional self-determination in a difficult life situation is shown.
Keywords: personal and professional self-determination, mentality, economic crisis, unemployed, self-employed, future perspective, optimism.
Библиографическая ссылка на статью:
Алдашева А.А., Баканов А.С., Зеленова М.Е., Рунец О.В. Самоопределение и профессиональный менталитет субъекта труда в период пандемии и кризиса // Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Организационная психология и психология труда. 2020. Т. 5. № 2. С. 166-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38098/ipran.opwp.2020.15.2.009.
Aldasheva, А.А., Bakanov, A.S., Zelenova М.Е., Runets O.V. (2020). Samoopredelenie i professional'nyj mentalitet sub#ekta truda v period pandemii i krizisa [Self-definition and professional mentality of the actor of labor under conditionthe pandemic and crisis]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya Truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor], 5 (2), 166-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38098/ipran.opwp.2020.15.2.009.