К ВОПРОСУ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ЖЕНСКОГО ТРУДА НА АВТОЗАВОДЕ ИМ. МОЛОТОВА
Платонов К.К., Цветкова З.
K. Platonov, Z. Tsvetkova INTRODUCTION OF FEMALE LABOR TO THE MOLOTOV AUTOMOBILE PLANT
DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2021_19_2_009
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Аннотация: Данная статья посвящена проблеме внедрение женского труда, которую решала психофизиологическая лаборатория Горьковского автомобильного завода им. Молотова в 1932-1934 гг. под руководством К.К. Платонова. В 1932 г. женский труд на автозаводе внедрялся медленно, а необходимость в этом была острой. Сотрудники психофизиологической лаборатории в мае изучили состояние женского труда на автозаводе и установили отсутствие учета особенностей при использовании женского труда. Затем обследовали все рабочие места в цехах ГАЗа и составили их перечень применительно к использованию труда работниц. Для каждого цеха сотрудники лаборатории составили таблицы с перечислением рабочих мест или группы однородных рабочих мест, а также с ответами на вопросы о характере деятельности на конкретном рабочем месте. Эти таблицы заполнялись бригадой научно-исследовательской базы по труду из опытных производственников данного цеха, потом – врачи цеховых здравпунктов вместе с врачами-специалистами: гинекологами, фтизиатрами, окулистами, профдерматологами и психофизиологами. Такие бригады, привлекая рабочих к обсуждению материала у станка, прорабатывали заполненные производственниками списки, отмечая параллельно свое мнение в возможностях внедрения женского труда на дан-ном конкретном участке. Когда были составлены списки профессий в каждом цеху, то их разбили на группы: 1) женский труд неприменим; 2) женский труд применим исключительно; 3) женский труд применим главным образом и 4) женский труд применим частично, а экономист разработал план внедрения женского труда на вторую пятилетку с учетом каждого цеха. Сотрудники лаборатории доказали рядом исследований, что женский труда экономически выгоден, и женщин следует активнее задействовать на рабочих местах квалифицированного труда.
Abstract: This article is devoted to the problem of the introduction of female labor, which was solved by the psychophysiological laboratory of the Molotov Gorky Auto-mobile Plant during 1932-1934 under the leadership of K.K. Platonov. Female labor at the automobile plant was introduced slowly, and the need for this was acute. In May of 1932, employees of the psycho-physiological laboratory studied the state of female labor at the automobile plant and found that the peculiarities of the use of female labor were not taken into account. Then they examined all of the jobs in the workshops of GAZ and made a list of items concerning the use of the labor of workers. For each workshop, laboratory staff compiled tables of job listings or a group of similar jobs, as well as answers about the nature of activi-ties at a specific workplace. These tables were filled out by the team of the re-search base for labor from experienced production workers of this workshop, then the doctors of the workshop health centers, together with specialist doctors: gynecologists, phthisiatricians, ophthalmologists, professional dermatologists, and psychophysiologists. Such teams would survey workers next to a job and work through the lists filled out by the production workers. At the same time, they were documenting their opinion on the possibilities of introducing female la-bor in this particular area. When the lists of professions in each workshop were compiled, they were divided into groups: 1) female labor is inapplicable; 2) only female labor is applicable; 3) women's labor is mainly applicable and 4) women's labor is partially applicable.The economist has developed a plan for the introduction of women's labor for the second five-year plan, taking into account each workshop. The laboratory staff has proven through several studies that women's work is economically beneficial and women should be more actively employed in skilled jobs.
Platonov, K., Tsvetkova, Z. (2021). K voprosu vnedrenija zhenskogo truda na avtozavode im. Molotova [Introduction of female labor to the Molotov automobile plant]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya Truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor], 6 (2), 149 - 161. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2021_19_2_009
Ключевые слова: Горьковский автомобильный завод им. В.М. Молотова, психофизиологическая лаборатория, внедрение женского труда, квалифицированный труд.
Abstract: This article is devoted to the problem of the introduction of female labor, which was solved by the psychophysiological laboratory of the Molotov Gorky Auto-mobile Plant during 1932-1934 under the leadership of K.K. Platonov. Female labor at the automobile plant was introduced slowly, and the need for this was acute. In May of 1932, employees of the psycho-physiological laboratory studied the state of female labor at the automobile plant and found that the peculiarities of the use of female labor were not taken into account. Then they examined all of the jobs in the workshops of GAZ and made a list of items concerning the use of the labor of workers. For each workshop, laboratory staff compiled tables of job listings or a group of similar jobs, as well as answers about the nature of activi-ties at a specific workplace. These tables were filled out by the team of the re-search base for labor from experienced production workers of this workshop, then the doctors of the workshop health centers, together with specialist doctors: gynecologists, phthisiatricians, ophthalmologists, professional dermatologists, and psychophysiologists. Such teams would survey workers next to a job and work through the lists filled out by the production workers. At the same time, they were documenting their opinion on the possibilities of introducing female la-bor in this particular area. When the lists of professions in each workshop were compiled, they were divided into groups: 1) female labor is inapplicable; 2) only female labor is applicable; 3) women's labor is mainly applicable and 4) women's labor is partially applicable.The economist has developed a plan for the introduction of women's labor for the second five-year plan, taking into account each workshop. The laboratory staff has proven through several studies that women's work is economically beneficial and women should be more actively employed in skilled jobs.
Keywords: Gorky Automobile Plant named after V.M. Molotov, psycho-physiological laboratory, introduction of women's labor, qualified labor.
Библиографическая ссылка на статью:
Платонов К., Цветкова З. К вопросу внедрения женского труда на автозаводе им. Молотова // Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Организационная психология и психология труда. 2021. Т. 6. №2. С. 149 - 161. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2021_19_2_009
Platonov, K., Tsvetkova, Z. (2021). K voprosu vnedrenija zhenskogo truda na avtozavode im. Molotova [Introduction of female labor to the Molotov automobile plant]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya Truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor], 6 (2), 149 - 161. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2021_19_2_009