ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПРОФНАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ
В.И. Кауфман, Б.Г. Ананьев
V.I. Kaufman, Boris G. Ananiev FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF POLYTECHNICAL SCHOOL
DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2022_24_3_011
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аннотация: Статья В.И. Кауфмана и Б.Г. Ананьева описывает одну из проблем психотехники 1920-1930-х гг. (и психологии труда) – профессиональной направленности старшеклассников в политехнической школе, возникающей на границе профессиональной пригодности и профессиональной склонности личности. Авторы сочли важным поставить вопрос не просто об изучении профнаправленности, а о формировании профнаправленности подростка, потому что именно при ее формировании преодолевается разрыв между профпригодностью и профсклонностью. Профессиональное информирование пассивно, потому что подросток ограничивается только знакомством с условиями профессиональной пригодности, что в целом соответствует установке профотбора. Далее следует либо сделать упор на изучение профпригодности или сокращать разрыв между профустремленностью и профпригодностью. Еще одной формой профконсультационной работы является профориентация, основанная на единстве социальной потребности в кадрах и индивидуальной потребности в труде. Для создания такого единства необходимо активное воздействие школы на создание профнаправленности у подростка. Кауфман и Ананьев хотели выяснить, возможно ли воздействовать на подростка-выпускника и как это сделать. Следовало выяснить характер профнаправленности подростков, степень стойкости и обоснованности фактической профнаправленности, этапы действия политехнической школы. В результате авторы пришли к выводу, что работа эта должна вестись как в школе, так и вне школы; педагоги-преподаватели всех школьных дисциплин должны повышать свою квалификацию, а именно, политехнизацию, знакомясь с технологией производства, с элементами профессиоведения и элементами психологии подростка. Методические выводы выражены в приложенных программно-методических материалах. Необходимо создавать пособия для учителя и учащихся.
Abstract: The article by V.I. Kaufman and B.G. Ananiev describes one of the problems of psychotechnics (and psychology of work) in the 1920s-1930s – the professional orientation of high school students in the polytechnic school, arising on the border of professional suitability and professional inclination of the individual. The authors considered it important to raise the question not just about the study of professional orientation, but about the formation of an adolescent's professional orientation, because during its formation the gap between professional suitability and professional inclination is overcome. Professional informing is passive, because an adolescent is limited only by acquaintance with the conditions of professional suitability, which on the whole corresponds to the orientation of professional selection. The next step is to focus on aptitude studies or narrow the gap between professional inclination and professional suitability. Another form of vocational counseling work is vocational guidance based on the unity of the social need for personnel and the individual need for work. To create such a unity, the active influence of the school on the creation of a professional orientation in an adolescent is necessary. Kaufman and Ananiev wanted to find out if it is possible to influence an adolescents graduate and how to do it. It was necessary to find out the nature of the vocational orientation of adolescents, the degree of stability and validity of the actual vocational orientation, the stages of the operation of the polytechnic school. As a result, the authors came to the conclusion that this work should be carried out both at school and outside of school; teachers of all school disciplines should improve their qualifications, namely, polytechnic, getting acquainted with production technology, with elements of professional studies and elements of adolescent psychology. Methodological conclusions are expressed in the attached program and instrumental materials. It is necessary to create manuals for teachers and students.
Библиографическая ссылка на статью:
Kaufman, V.I., Ananiev, B.G. (2022). Formirovanie profnapravlennosti v uslovijah politehnicheskoj shkoly [Formation of professional orientation in the conditions of polytechnical school]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya Truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor], 7 (3), 191 - 243. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2022_24_3_011
Ключевые слова: история психологии труда, профотбор, подростки, профнаправленность, профустремленность, профсклонность.
Abstract: The article by V.I. Kaufman and B.G. Ananiev describes one of the problems of psychotechnics (and psychology of work) in the 1920s-1930s – the professional orientation of high school students in the polytechnic school, arising on the border of professional suitability and professional inclination of the individual. The authors considered it important to raise the question not just about the study of professional orientation, but about the formation of an adolescent's professional orientation, because during its formation the gap between professional suitability and professional inclination is overcome. Professional informing is passive, because an adolescent is limited only by acquaintance with the conditions of professional suitability, which on the whole corresponds to the orientation of professional selection. The next step is to focus on aptitude studies or narrow the gap between professional inclination and professional suitability. Another form of vocational counseling work is vocational guidance based on the unity of the social need for personnel and the individual need for work. To create such a unity, the active influence of the school on the creation of a professional orientation in an adolescent is necessary. Kaufman and Ananiev wanted to find out if it is possible to influence an adolescents graduate and how to do it. It was necessary to find out the nature of the vocational orientation of adolescents, the degree of stability and validity of the actual vocational orientation, the stages of the operation of the polytechnic school. As a result, the authors came to the conclusion that this work should be carried out both at school and outside of school; teachers of all school disciplines should improve their qualifications, namely, polytechnic, getting acquainted with production technology, with elements of professional studies and elements of adolescent psychology. Methodological conclusions are expressed in the attached program and instrumental materials. It is necessary to create manuals for teachers and students.
Keywords: history of labor psychology, professional selection, teenagers, professional orientation, professional aspiration, professional inclination.
Библиографическая ссылка на статью:
Кауфман В.И., Ананьев Б.Г. Формирование профнаправленности в условиях политехнической школы // Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Организационная психология и психология труда. 2022. Т. 7. №3. С. 191- 243. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2022_24_3_011
Kaufman, V.I., Ananiev, B.G. (2022). Formirovanie profnapravlennosti v uslovijah politehnicheskoj shkoly [Formation of professional orientation in the conditions of polytechnical school]. Institut Psikhologii Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhologiya Truda [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Organizational Psychology and Psychology of Labor], 7 (3), 191 - 243. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp_2022_24_3_011