ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО ВАЖНЫХ КАЧЕСТВ АВИАЦИОННЫХ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ

Ключевые слова: профессионально важные качества; профессиональный психологический отбор; группы кандидатов, поступающих в летные военные училища; психологическое сопровождение курсантов летных училищ; формирование и развитие профессионально-важных качеств курсантов и летчиков.

Abstract. The article considers the problem of formation and development of professionally important qualities in the process of training specialists in extreme professions using the example of cadets and pilots of the Air Force. A historical background is provided reflecting the problems of formation of professional psychological selection (PPS) in aviation schools in our country, starting from the 20s of the last century and up to the present time. According to the current regulatory documents, candidates entering military flight schools are divided into 4 groups based on the results of the PPS: the first group (excellent results) - are enrolled first of all without competition; the second group (good results) - are enrolled on a general basis; the third group (mediocre results) - are accepted if, despite their high grades in the entrance exams, there are vacancies left after the enrollment of candidates from the first and second groups; the fourth group (low results) - is not recommended for admission to flight schools. Since the mid-1990s, the vast majority of candidates for training at a flight school are young people with the 3rd group of PPO, less often - the 2nd group of PPO and rarely - the 1st group of PPO. This trend is associated with the impact of unfavorable socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors, which is manifested in an increase in the percentage of people with poor physical health, psychosomatic diseases and other negative manifestations among young people. A thesis is put forward about the need to supplement the PPO of candidates with psychological support for the professional training of cadets to develop their professionally important qualities (PIQ) using special psychological methods. A program is proposed for the formation and development of PPI of pilots, starting with their training in flight schools and at further stages of professionalization.

Key words: professionally important qualities; professional psychological selection; groups of candidates entering military flight schools; psychological support for cadets of flight schools; formation and development of professionally important qualities of cadets and pilots.